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1 statutory control
Экономика: меры контроля, основанные на законе -
2 statutory control
меры контроля, основанные на законеEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > statutory control
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3 control
1. n1) управление, руководство2) контроль, проверка; контролирование; надзор3) управление; регулирование; регулировка
- accounting control
- administrative control
- air traffic control
- arms control
- automatic control
- biological control
- birth control
- border control
- budgetary control
- central control
- check-in control
- complete control
- computer control
- constant control
- consumer credit control
- contamination control
- continuous control
- cost control
- credit control
- crop pest control
- currency control
- current control
- customs control
- cycle control
- day-to-day control
- depletion control
- direct control
- economic control
- effective control
- environmental control
- exchange control
- export control
- feedback control
- financial control
- fiscal control
- follow-up control
- foreign control
- foreign exchange control
- functional control
- government control
- humidity control
- import control
- inadequate control
- individual control
- inflation control
- information control
- insurance control
- internal control
- international control of liquidity
- internal administrative control
- interoperational control
- inventory control
- labour control
- lax control
- machine control
- managerial control
- mandatory control
- manual control
- manufacturing control
- market control
- marketing control
- material control
- material quality control
- maximum-minimum inventory control
- monetary control
- monetary base control
- monopoly control
- nongovernmental control
- numerical control
- on-site control
- operating control
- operational control
- order control
- ordering and stock control
- order intake control
- output control
- outside control
- overall control
- partial control
- passport control
- percentage control
- periodic control
- pest control
- pollution control
- population control
- price control
- process control
- product control
- production control
- product quality control
- product status control
- profitability control
- programme control
- progress control
- property control
- public control
- quality control
- quantity control
- regular control
- remote control
- rent control
- routine control
- running control
- selection control
- selective control
- selective credit control
- selective price control
- sequential control
- shipping control
- shop floor control
- shortage control
- social control
- special control
- spending control
- standard control
- standard cost control
- state control
- statistical control
- statutory control
- stock control
- stores control
- strict control
- stringent control
- supervisory control
- supplier control
- technical control
- tight control
- traffic control
- uniform control
- unit stock control
- vehicle exhaust control
- wage control
- wage-price control
- work control
- workers' control
- working control
- control of goods received
- control of investment
- control of materials and supplies inventories
- control over export and import
- control over prices
- under the control of
- assume control
- bring under control
- carry out control
- drop control
- effect control
- ensure effective control
- establish control
- exercise control
- exert control
- gain control of a company
- get beyond control
- get out of control
- have control
- impose control
- keep under control
- lift control
- lose control
- maintain control
- perform control
- place under control
- put under control
- relinquish control
- set up control
- strengthen control
- take out of control
- take under control2. v1) управлять, руководить2) контролировать, проверять3) регулировать, контролироватьEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > control
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4 control
1) управление; регулирование; проверка, контроль || управлять, регулировать; проверять, контролировать2) орган управления3) pl регулирующие устройства4) борьба (напр. с сельскохозяйственными вредителями) -
5 statutory
aустановленный законом; соответствующий закону -
6 statutory
[΄stætʃutəri] a օրենքով սահ մանված, օրինականացված. statutory price control օրեն քով սահմանված գների վերահսկո ղություն. statutory force օրենքի/օրինական ուժ -
7 statutory statu·tory adj
['stætjʊt(ə)rɪ] -
8 statutory price control
Дипломатический термин: установленный законом контроль над ценамиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > statutory price control
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9 statutory price control
Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > statutory price control
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10 statutory price control
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > statutory price control
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11 SSC
1) Общая лексика: Secondary School Certificate (Bangladesh), Small-scale contingency (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ssc.htm)2) Биология: sodium chloride + sodium citrate3) Медицина: side scatter (проточная цитометрия)4) Американизм: Short Service Commission5) Латинский язык: Societas Sanctae Crucis6) Военный термин: Coastal Submarine, SAGE sector commander, Sea Systems Command, Signal Support Company, Silent Sneaky Communications, Slow Survivable Combat, Soldier Support Center, Space Surveillance Center, Surface Support Craft, secondary strike capacity, senior service college, short service commissions, site selection criteria, software support center, special security command, squadron supervisory console, squadron support center, standard systems center, stores stock catalog, supply and service company, supply status code, supply support center, systems support center7) Техника: SCSI-3 stream commands, Space Shuttle computer, safe shutdown component, sensor signal conditioner, shipboard satellite communications system, short segmented cask, simulated surveillance capsule, single-silk covered, solid-state circuit, space suit communicator, spacecraft system console, standing steering committee, super system code, sync source control, датчик SSC (устанавливается в пазах статора)8) Сельское хозяйство: The Seed Swap Club9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Switching Company10) Юридический термин: Safety Security And Communications, Safety Service Center11) Экономика: Shared Services Centers, Общие центры обслуживания12) Страхование: Social Security Commission13) Грубое выражение: Safe Sane Consensual, Submissive Sensual Correction14) Дипломатический термин: diesel-powered cruise missile submarine15) Оптика: superconducting supercollider16) Телекоммуникации: Service Shortcut Changer17) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Submarine, coastal, Solicitor to the Supreme Court, Solid-state Scanner, Staff Selection Committee, Standard Systems Centre, State Services Commission, Superconducting Super Collider18) Университет: Science Standardization Committee, Speaking Society Club, Student Success Celebration19) Физиология: Size, Shape, and Consistency20) Вычислительная техника: Specialized Systems Consultants, Security Support Component (NGSCB, TCP), SCSI Stream Commands (SAM, SCSI)21) Нефть: sulphide stress corrosion22) Генетика: Раствор цитрата и хлорида натрия (применяемый в ряде генетических методик (например, при С-бэндинге); 2SSC - 17,5 г NaCl и 8,8 г Na3C6H5O72H2O на 1 л воды)23) Иммунология: боковое светорассеяние24) Космонавтика: Stellar Simulation Complex, Swedish Space Corporation25) Банковское дело: сертификат мелкого вкладчика (США; small saver certificate)26) Транспорт: Speed Spin And Control27) Фирменный знак: South Sea Company28) СМИ: Short Story Collection, Silent Speaker Chamber29) Деловая лексика: Systems Structures And Components30) Образование: School Site Council31) Инвестиции: small saver certificate32) Сетевые технологии: Secured Smartcard Channel, Structure Server Component33) Программирование: Slot Size Code34) Контроль качества: Supplier Support Committee36) Сахалин Ю: sulphide stress cracking37) Сахалин А: statutory safety committee38) Химическое оружие: safety support contractor, site security center39) SAP.тех. управление последовательностью экранов40) Нефть и газ: sulfide stress corrosion cracking, подкомитет акционеров, shareholders' subcommittee41) HR. Комиссия по отбору персонала (STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION)42) Электротехника: single silk covered, solid state control, steady-state conditions43) Фантастика Shattered Star Confederation44) Снабжение: безопасность цепочки поставок (Security Supply Chain)45) NYSE. Sunshine Mining & Refining Company46) Международная торговля: Safe Sane And Consensual -
12 ssc
1) Общая лексика: Secondary School Certificate (Bangladesh), Small-scale contingency (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ssc.htm)2) Биология: sodium chloride + sodium citrate3) Медицина: side scatter (проточная цитометрия)4) Американизм: Short Service Commission5) Латинский язык: Societas Sanctae Crucis6) Военный термин: Coastal Submarine, SAGE sector commander, Sea Systems Command, Signal Support Company, Silent Sneaky Communications, Slow Survivable Combat, Soldier Support Center, Space Surveillance Center, Surface Support Craft, secondary strike capacity, senior service college, short service commissions, site selection criteria, software support center, special security command, squadron supervisory console, squadron support center, standard systems center, stores stock catalog, supply and service company, supply status code, supply support center, systems support center7) Техника: SCSI-3 stream commands, Space Shuttle computer, safe shutdown component, sensor signal conditioner, shipboard satellite communications system, short segmented cask, simulated surveillance capsule, single-silk covered, solid-state circuit, space suit communicator, spacecraft system console, standing steering committee, super system code, sync source control, датчик SSC (устанавливается в пазах статора)8) Сельское хозяйство: The Seed Swap Club9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Switching Company10) Юридический термин: Safety Security And Communications, Safety Service Center11) Экономика: Shared Services Centers, Общие центры обслуживания12) Страхование: Social Security Commission13) Грубое выражение: Safe Sane Consensual, Submissive Sensual Correction14) Дипломатический термин: diesel-powered cruise missile submarine15) Оптика: superconducting supercollider16) Телекоммуникации: Service Shortcut Changer17) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Submarine, coastal, Solicitor to the Supreme Court, Solid-state Scanner, Staff Selection Committee, Standard Systems Centre, State Services Commission, Superconducting Super Collider18) Университет: Science Standardization Committee, Speaking Society Club, Student Success Celebration19) Физиология: Size, Shape, and Consistency20) Вычислительная техника: Specialized Systems Consultants, Security Support Component (NGSCB, TCP), SCSI Stream Commands (SAM, SCSI)21) Нефть: sulphide stress corrosion22) Генетика: Раствор цитрата и хлорида натрия (применяемый в ряде генетических методик (например, при С-бэндинге); 2SSC - 17,5 г NaCl и 8,8 г Na3C6H5O72H2O на 1 л воды)23) Иммунология: боковое светорассеяние24) Космонавтика: Stellar Simulation Complex, Swedish Space Corporation25) Банковское дело: сертификат мелкого вкладчика (США; small saver certificate)26) Транспорт: Speed Spin And Control27) Фирменный знак: South Sea Company28) СМИ: Short Story Collection, Silent Speaker Chamber29) Деловая лексика: Systems Structures And Components30) Образование: School Site Council31) Инвестиции: small saver certificate32) Сетевые технологии: Secured Smartcard Channel, Structure Server Component33) Программирование: Slot Size Code34) Контроль качества: Supplier Support Committee36) Сахалин Ю: sulphide stress cracking37) Сахалин А: statutory safety committee38) Химическое оружие: safety support contractor, site security center39) SAP.тех. управление последовательностью экранов40) Нефть и газ: sulfide stress corrosion cracking, подкомитет акционеров, shareholders' subcommittee41) HR. Комиссия по отбору персонала (STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION)42) Электротехника: single silk covered, solid state control, steady-state conditions43) Фантастика Shattered Star Confederation44) Снабжение: безопасность цепочки поставок (Security Supply Chain)45) NYSE. Sunshine Mining & Refining Company46) Международная торговля: Safe Sane And Consensual -
13 regulation
1. ком., мен. регулювання; упорядкування; 2. юр. правило; норма; розпорядження; інструкція1. підпорядкування процесів, поведінки організації і т. п. відповідним правилам, які мають юридичну силу; 2. сукупність правил для виконання закону═════════■═════════ad hoc regulations надзвичайні заходи регулювання • правила для специфічної ситуації; administrative regulations адміністративні розпорядження; advertising regulation регулювання рекламної діяльності; allocation regulations правила розподілу (напр., ресурсів); budget regulation бюджетне регулювання; building regulations норми будівництва; business regulation регулювання підприємницької діяльності • регулювання бізнесу; cartel regulations правила функціонування картелю; census regulations інструкції щодо проведення перепису; compulsory regulation обов'язкова постанова; control regulations правила контролю; currency regulation валютний контроль • валютне регулювання • валютні правила; customs regulations правила митного контролю • митні правила • митний режим; departmental regulations відомчі інструкції • інструкції відділу; dispatch regulations інструкції з відправлення; economic regulation економічне регулювання; environmental regulations природоохоронне законодавство; exchange regulations валютні правила; exports regulation регулювання експорту; fishery regulations правила риболовства; fire safety regulations вимоги пожежної безпеки; food products regulation правила виробництва харчових продуктів; foreign exchange regulation валютне регулювання; government regulation державне регулювання; harbour regulations портові правила; health regulations вимоги щодо безпеки для здоров'я • правила охорони здоров'я; immigration regulations закон про імміграцію; import regulation регулювання імпорту; insurance regulations правила страхування; internal regulations внутрішній розпорядок • правила внутрішнього розпорядку • правила процедури; legal regulation правове регулювання • правові норми; license regulations ліцензійні правила; maintenance regulations інструкції з техобслуговування устаткування • норми проведення технічного обслуговування; market regulations регулювання ринку; marketing regulation регулювання маркетингової діяльності; noise regulations норми, які визначають граничний рівень шуму; occupational safety and health regulations правила техніки безпеки та охорони здоров'я; open-space zoning regulations правила використання зони відкритого простору; permit regulations правила оформлення дозволу; plant regulations правила внутрішнього розпорядку на фабриці; pollution control regulations природоохоронне законодавство • законодавство проти забруднення довкілля; port regulations портові правила; port authority regulations портові правила; price regulation регулювання цін • правила встановлення цін; production regulations технічні норми виробництва; provisional regulations тимчасові правила; public regulation державне регулювання • громадське регулювання; quantitative regulation кількісне регулювання; quarantine regulations карантинний нагляд; rate regulation регулювання тарифів; road regulations правила дорожнього руху; safety regulations норми безпеки • вимоги до безпеки • правила техніки безпеки; sanitary regulations санітарні правила; securities regulations правила операцій з цінними паперами; service regulations правила обслуговування • правила догляду; staff regulations положення щодо персоналу; statutory regulations правила, встановлені законом; statutory wage regulations встановлені законом правила регулювання рівня заробітної плати; stock exchange regulations правила фондової біржі; storage regulations правила зберігання; tariff regulations тарифні правила; tare regulations правила визначення ваги тари; tax regulations податкове законодавство • податковий режим; technical regulations технічні норми • технічні умови • технічні правила; testing regulations інструкції проведення випробування; trade regulations правила торгівлі; traffic regulations правила дорожнього руху; wage regulation регулювання рівня заробітної плати; working regulations правила внутрішнього розпорядку; zoning regulations зональні правила охорони довкілля═════════□═════════according to regulations згідно з правилами; contrary to regulations порушення правил • всупереч правилам; in accordance with the regulations відповідно до інструкцій; regulation for safety правила безпеки; regulations governing wages правила, які регламентують ставки заробітної плати; regulation M правило «М» (регулює притік євродоларів через американські банки); regulation mechanism механізм регулювання; regulation of credit регулювання кредиту; regulation of foreign exchange регулювання зміни курсу закордонної валюти; regulation of interest rates регулювання ставки відсотка; regulation of lending регулювання кредитування; regulation of prices регулювання цін; regulation of production регулювання виробництва; regulation of trade регулювання торгівлі; regulation of traffic регулювання руху; regulation of wages and salaries регулювання ставок заробітної плати і окладів; to comply with regulations підкорятися/підкоритися правилам; to infringe on regulations порушувати/порушити правила; to observe regulations; to violate regulations порушувати/порушити правила; to work out regulations розробляти/розробити правилаregulation: deregulation* * *норма; положення; правило; розпорядження; регламентація; норматив; регламентування; регулювання -
14 law
̈ɪlɔ: I сущ.
1) а) закон (регулирующий, предписывающий акт) according to the law ≈ по закону to administer, apply, enforce a law ≈ применять закон to annul, repeal, revoke a law ≈ аннулировать, опротестовать закон to be at law with smb. ≈ быть в тяжбе с кем-л. to break, flout, violate a law ≈ нарушить, преступить закон to cite a law ≈ цитировать закон to declare a law unconstitutional ≈ объявить закон противоречащим конституции (в США) to draft a law ≈ готовить законопроект to interpret a law ≈ толковать закон to obey, observe a law ≈ соблюдать закон, подчиняться закону to promulgate a law ≈ опубликовать закон to take the law into one's own hands ≈ расправиться без суда fair, just law ≈ справедливый закон stringent law ≈ строгий закон unfair law ≈ несправедливый закон unwritten law ≈ неписаный закон There is no law against fishing. ≈ Нет закона, запрещающего рыбную ловлю. It is against the law to smoke in an elevator. ≈ По закону запрещено курить в лифте. in law ≈ по закону, законно to adopt a law ≈ принимать закон to enact a law ≈ принимать закон to go beyond the law ≈ совершить противозаконный поступок to keep within the law ≈ придерживаться закона to lay down the law ≈ формулировать закон to pass a law ≈ принимать закон higher law ≈ божественный закон shield law ≈ закон об охране конфиденциальности antitrust law blue law conflict-of-interest law sunset law sunshine law lynch law Mosaic law law of supply and demand law of diminishing return Syn: canon, code, commandment, constitution, ordinance, regulation, statute б) научный закон, научная закономерность Mendeleyev's law Mendel's law Newton's law periodic law law of gravity law of motion
2) юр. право;
правоведение, законоведение, юриспруденция administrative law business law canon law civil law commercial law constitutional law copyright law corporate law criminal law family law feudal law international law Islamic law labor law maritime law marriage law military law natural law patent law private law public law Roman law substantive law law merchant law school Syn: jurisprudence
3) профессия юриста to read/study law ≈ изучать право, учиться на юриста to practise law ≈ быть юристом
4) суд, судебный процесс to go to law ≈ подать в суд;
начать судебный процесс
5) судейское сословие
6) а) (the law) разг. полиция б) полицейский, блюститель закона ∙ Syn: policeman, police;
sheriff
7) а) правило the laws of badminton ≈ правила игры в бадминтон б) заведенный порядок, обычаи, традиции
8) а) спорт фора;
преимущество, предоставляемое противнику ( в состязании и т. п.) б) перен. передышка, тайм-аут;
отсрочка;
поблажка ∙ he is a law unto himself ≈ для него не существует никаких законов, кроме собственного мнения necessity/need knows no law посл. ≈ нужда не знает закона to give (the) law to smb. ≈ навязать кому-л. свою волю the law of the jungle ≈ закон джунглей in the eyes of the law ≈ в глазах закона everyone is equal under the law ≈ все равны перед законом the letter of the law ≈ буква закона the spirit of the law ≈ дух закона II = lawks закон - * enforcement обеспечение правопорядка - * digest сборник законов или судебных постановлений (решений, приговоров) - at * в соответствии с правом;
по закону;
по суду - enforcement at * принудительное осуществление или взыскание в законном /судебном/ порядке - in * по закону;
законно - according to * в соответствии с законом - force of * сила закона;
законная сила - the * of the land закон страны - to become * становиться законом - to keep within the * не нарушать закона - to go beyond the * обходить закон - to break the * нарушить закон - to be equal before the * быть равными перед законом - to enforce the * обеспечивать соблюдение закона право;
правоведение - criminal /penal/ * уголовное право - international * международное право - international private * частное международное право - universal international * универсальное международное право - * of the sea (юридическое) морское право - space * космическое право - * of war право войны, законы и обычаи войны - natural * естественное право - * of treaties право, регулирующее международные договоры - * of civil procedure гражданско-процессуальное право - * of criminal procedure уголовно-процессуальное право - judge-made * право, созданное судьей /основанное на судебной практике/ - question of * вопрос права профессия юриста - * language юридический язык, юридическая терминология - * school юридическая школа - doctor of /in/ * доктор юридических наук - the faculty of * юридический факультет - to study /to read/ * изучать право - to follow the * избрать профессию юриста - to practise * заниматься адвокатской практикой, быть юристом суд, судебный процесс - * sitting время сессий судов;
месяцы, когда суды заседают - * reports сборники судебных решений - * costs судебные издержки - to go to * обращаться в суд;
начинать судебный процесс;
подавать жалобу, иск - to go to * against smb. подать на кого-л. в суд - to be at * with smb. судиться с кем-л.;
вести процесс - to take /to have/ the * of smb. привлечь кого-л. к суду - I'll have the * on you! я на тебя подам!;
я тебя привлеку! - to take the * into one's own hands расправиться над кем-л. без суда закон (природы, научный) - the * of nature закон природы - the *s of motion законы движения - the * of gravity закон тяготения - the * of conservation of energy закон сохранения энергии - economic *s экономические законы - the * of supply and demand (экономика) закон спроса и предложения - the * of self-preservation закон самосохранения - * of perdurability закон сохранения вещества - the *s of perspective законы перспективы принятый, установленный обычай - *s of honour кодекс /закон/ чести представитель закона, полицейский, сотрудник ФБР и т. п. - open the door, it's the * откройте дверь! Полиция! - the long arm of * finally got him в конце концов полиция схватила его правила (игры и т. п.) - the * of golf правила игры в гольф( спортивное) фора, преимущество, предоставляемое противнику при состязании (разговорное) поблажка > * of Moses закон Моисея;
(библеизм) пятикнижие, тора > the * of jungle закон джунглей > to give the * to smb. командовать кем-л.;
навязывать свою волю кому-л. > necessity knows no * нужда /необходимость/ не знает закона;
для нужды нет закона > to be a * unto oneself ни с чем не считаться, кроме собственного мнения ( разговорное) обращаться в суд (диалектизм) (разговорное) навязывать свою волю abortion ~ закон об абортах action at ~ судебный иск adjective ~ процессуальное право administrative ~ административное право admiralty ~ военно-морское право admiralty ~ морское право adoption ~ сем.право закон об усыновлении и удочерении agreement ~ закон о соглашениях antisymmetric ~ несимметричный закон antitrust ~ антитрестовский закон banking ~ банковский закон banking ~ законодательство о банках bend the ~ подчиняться закону beyond the ~ вне закона binomial ~ биномиальный закон blanket ~ общий закон blue ~ закон, регулирующий режим воскресного дня( США) blue-sky ~ закон, регулирующий выпуск и продажу акций и ценных бумаг (США) break the ~ нарушать закон bulk sales ~ закон о массовых продажах business ~ право, регулирующее область деловых отношений business ~ торговое право by ~ по закону by operation of ~ в силу закона canonical ~ церковное право case in ~ судебное дело в сфере общего права case ~ прецедентное право cause in ~ судебное дело church ~ церковное право civil procedural ~ гражданское процессуальное право commentary on ~ толкование закона common ~ юр. неписанный закон common ~ юр. общее право;
обычное право;
некодифицированное право common ~ общее право common ~ обычное право, некодифицированное право Community ~ закон Европейского экономического сообщества company ~ закон о компаниях company ~ право, регулирующее деятельность акционерных компаний comparative ~ сравнительное право competent before the ~ правомочный constitutional ~ конституционное право, государственное право constitutional ~ конституционное право constitutional ~ конституционный закон consular ~ консульское право control ~ закон о надзоре corporation ~ закон о корпорациях criminal ~ of procedure судопроизводство по уголовным делам criminal ~ of procedure уголовное судопроизводство crown ~ уголовное право ecclesiastical ~ церковное право economic ~ экономический закон emergency ~ чрезвычайное законодательство equal protection of the ~ равенство перед законом equality before the ~ равенство перед законом exemption ~ прецедентное право exponential ~ экспоненциальный закон extraterritorial ~ экстерриториальный закон family ~ семейное право financial ~ финансовое законодательство fiscal ~ закон о налогообложении fiscal ~ налоговое право fiscal ~ финансовый закон framework ~ общий закон gap in ~ пробел в праве Germanic ~ тевтонский закон to give (the) ~ (to smb.) навязать (кому-л.) свою волю global ~ всеобщий закон to go beyond the ~ совершить противозаконный поступок good ~ действующее право to have (или to take) the ~ (of smb.) привлечь (кого-л.) к суду he is a ~ unto himself для него не существует никаких законов, кроме собственного мнения to hold good in ~ быть юридически обоснованным housing ~ юр. жилищное законодательство hyperexponential ~ гиперэкспоненциальный закон in ~ по закону, законно in ~ по закону indispensable ~ закон, не допускающий исключений industrial ~ закон о промышленности industrial ~ производственное право industrial property ~ закон о промышленной собственности industrial relations ~ закон о внутрипроизводственных отношениях infringe the ~ нарушать закон insurance ~ закон о страховании intellectual property ~ закон об интеллектуальной собственности internal ~ внутреннее право international ~ международное право issue in ~ спорный вопрос права, спор о праве to keep within the ~ придерживаться закона within: to come ~ the terms of reference относиться к ведению, к компетенции;
to keep within the law не выходить из рамок закона labour ~ закон о труде labour ~ трудовое право landmark ~ право защиты law = lawk(s) ~ закон ~ закон;
Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева ~ attr. законный;
юридический;
правовой;
law school юридическая школа;
юридический факультет ~ общее право ~ (the ~) разг. полиция, полицейский ~ правило;
the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис ~ правило ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право ~ право (в объективном смысле) ~ право ~ правоведение ~ спорт. преимущество, предоставляемое противнику (в состязании и т. п.) ;
перен. передышка;
отсрочка;
поблажка ~ профессия юриста;
to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста;
to practise law быть юристом ~ профессия юриста ~ суд, судебный процесс;
to be at law (with smb.) быть в тяжбе (с кем-л.) ;
to go to law подать в суд;
начать судебный процесс ~ суд ~ судебный процесс ~ судейское сословие Law: Law: ~ of Property Act Закон о праве собственности (Великобритания) law: law: ~ of succession наследственное право ~ analogy правовая аналогия ~ and order правопорядок order: law and ~ законность и правопорядок ~ in force действующее право ~ in force действующий закон ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право merchant: law ~ торговое право, обычное торговое право ~ of accidental error закон случайных ошибок ~ of bills and promissory notes закон о счетах и простых векселях ~ of business property закон о собственности компании ~ of causality закон причинности ~ of contract договорное право, договорно-обязательственное право ~ of contract договорное право ~ of criminal procedure процессуальное уголовное право ~ of demand закон спроса ~ of diminishing return "закон убывающего плодородия" ~ of diminishing returns закон убывающей доходности ~ of enforceable rights закон о праве принудительного осуществления в судебном порядке ~ of enforceable rights закон об обеспечении правовой санкции ~ of evidence доказательственное право ~ of evidence система судебных доказательств ~ of large numbers закон больших чисел ~ of nations международное право ~ of obligation обязательственное право ~ of persons личное право ~ of probabilitys законы вероятности ~ of procedure процессуальное право ~ of property вещное право ~ of property право собственности law: ~ of succession наследственное право ~ of the sea морское право ~ of variable proportions закон переменных соотношений ~ of wages закон о фондах заработной платы ~ attr. законный;
юридический;
правовой;
law school юридическая школа;
юридический факультет school: law ~ юридическая школа law ~ юридический факультет университета law = lawk(s) lawk(s): lawk(s) int разг. неужто? laws: laws = lawk(s) ~ правило;
the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис local government ~ закон местной власти loop-hole in ~ лазейка в законе mandatory ~ обязательный закон maritime ~ морское право martial ~ военное положение martial ~ военное право martial: martial военный;
martial law военное положение mathematical frequency ~ вчт. математический закон распределения matrimonial property ~ закон о собственности супругов ~ закон;
Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева mercantile ~ торговое право, обычное торговое право mercantile ~ торговое право mercantile: ~ торговый;
коммерческий;
mercantile law торговое законодательство;
mercantile marine торговый флот merchant shipping ~ закон о торговом судоходстве military ~ военное право moral ~ закон морали municipal ~ внутреннее право страны municipal ~ внутригосударственное право, внутреннее право страны municipal ~ внутригосударственное право natural ~ естественное право natural ~ естественное правосудие necessity (или need) knows no ~ посл. нужда не знает закона normal probability ~ нормальный закон распределения observe the ~ соблюдать закон outside the ~ вне закона patent ~ закон о патентах patent ~ патентное право, патентный закон patent ~ патентное право patent ~ патентный закон penal ~ уголовное право person in ~ субъект права positive ~ действующее право positive ~ позитивное право ~ профессия юриста;
to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста;
to practise law быть юристом private international ~ международное частное право ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право law: private ~ закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private ~ частное право private ~ частный закон;
закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private ~ частный закон procedural ~ процессуальное право procedural ~ процесуальное право protection of ~ защита закона public international ~ публичное международное право public ~ публичное право public ~ публичный закон (закон, касающийся всего населения) ~ юр. право;
юриспруденция;
law merchant торговое право;
private law гражданское право;
to read law изучать право real ~ правовые нормы, относящиеся к недвижимости responsibility under ~ ответственность в соответствии с законом revenue ~ закон о налогах Roman ~ римское право Roman: ~ римский;
латинский;
Roman alphabet латинский алфавит;
Roman law юр. римское право sea ~ морское право statute ~ писаный закон (противоп. common law) statute ~ право, выраженное в законодательных актах statute ~ статутное право statutory ~ право, основанное на законодательных актах;
статутное право statutory ~ право, основанное на законодательных актах statutory ~ статутное право substantive ~ материальное право to take the ~ into one's own hands расправиться без суда tax ~ налоговое право trade marks ~ закон о товарных знаках transitional ~ временное законодательство transitional ~ закон, действующий в переходном периоде unwritten ~ неписаное право, прецедентное право unwritten ~ неписаный закон unwritten ~ общее неписаное право unwritten ~ прецедентное право unwritten: ~ law неписаный закон ~ law юр. прецедентное право usury ~ закон против ростовщичества violate the ~ нарушать закон Wagner's ~ закон Вагнера (согласно которому доля государственных расходов в нацональном доходе возрастает по мере прогресса экономического развития) within the ~ в рамках закона -
15 law
[̈ɪlɔ:]abortion law закон об абортах action at law судебный иск adjective law процессуальное право administrative law административное право admiralty law военно-морское право admiralty law морское право adoption law сем.право закон об усыновлении и удочерении agreement law закон о соглашениях antisymmetric law несимметричный закон antitrust law антитрестовский закон banking law банковский закон banking law законодательство о банках bend the law подчиняться закону beyond the law вне закона binomial law биномиальный закон blanket law общий закон blue law закон, регулирующий режим воскресного дня (США) blue-sky law закон, регулирующий выпуск и продажу акций и ценных бумаг (США) break the law нарушать закон bulk sales law закон о массовых продажах business law право, регулирующее область деловых отношений business law торговое право by law по закону by operation of law в силу закона canonical law церковное право case in law судебное дело в сфере общего права case law прецедентное право cause in law судебное дело church law церковное право civil procedural law гражданское процессуальное право commentary on law толкование закона common law юр. неписанный закон common law юр. общее право; обычное право; некодифицированное право common law общее право common law обычное право, некодифицированное право Community law закон Европейского экономического сообщества company law закон о компаниях company law право, регулирующее деятельность акционерных компаний comparative law сравнительное право competent before the law правомочный constitutional law конституционное право, государственное право constitutional law конституционное право constitutional law конституционный закон consular law консульское право control law закон о надзоре corporation law закон о корпорациях criminal law of procedure судопроизводство по уголовным делам criminal law of procedure уголовное судопроизводство crown law уголовное право ecclesiastical law церковное право economic law экономический закон emergency law чрезвычайное законодательство equal protection of the law равенство перед законом equality before the law равенство перед законом exemption law прецедентное право exponential law экспоненциальный закон extraterritorial law экстерриториальный закон family law семейное право financial law финансовое законодательство fiscal law закон о налогообложении fiscal law налоговое право fiscal law финансовый закон framework law общий закон gap in law пробел в праве Germanic law тевтонский закон to give (the) law (to smb.) навязать (кому-л.) свою волю global law всеобщий закон to go beyond the law совершить противозаконный поступок good law действующее право to have (или to take) the law (of smb.) привлечь (кого-л.) к суду he is a law unto himself для него не существует никаких законов, кроме собственного мнения to hold good in law быть юридически обоснованным housing law юр. жилищное законодательство hyperexponential law гиперэкспоненциальный закон in law по закону, законно in law по закону indispensable law закон, не допускающий исключений industrial law закон о промышленности industrial law производственное право industrial property law закон о промышленной собственности industrial relations law закон о внутрипроизводственных отношениях infringe the law нарушать закон insurance law закон о страховании intellectual property law закон об интеллектуальной собственности internal law внутреннее право international law международное право issue in law спорный вопрос права, спор о праве to keep within the law придерживаться закона within: to come law the terms of reference относиться к ведению, к компетенции; to keep within the law не выходить из рамок закона labour law закон о труде labour law трудовое право landmark law право защиты law = lawk(s) law закон law закон; Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева law attr. законный; юридический; правовой; law school юридическая школа; юридический факультет law общее право law (the law) разг. полиция, полицейский law правило; the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис law правило law юр. право; юриспруденция; law merchant торговое право; private law гражданское право; to read law изучать право law право (в объективном смысле) law право law правоведение law спорт. преимущество, предоставляемое противнику (в состязании и т. п.); перен. передышка; отсрочка; поблажка law профессия юриста; to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста; to practise law быть юристом law профессия юриста law суд, судебный процесс; to be at law (with smb.) быть в тяжбе (с кем-л.); to go to law подать в суд; начать судебный процесс law суд law судебный процесс law судейское сословие Law: Law: law of Property Act Закон о праве собственности (Великобритания) law: law: law of succession наследственное право law analogy правовая аналогия law and order правопорядок order: law and law законность и правопорядок law in force действующее право law in force действующий закон law юр. право; юриспруденция; law merchant торговое право; private law гражданское право; to read law изучать право merchant: law law торговое право, обычное торговое право law of accidental error закон случайных ошибок law of bills and promissory notes закон о счетах и простых векселях law of business property закон о собственности компании law of causality закон причинности law of contract договорное право, договорно-обязательственное право law of contract договорное право law of criminal procedure процессуальное уголовное право law of demand закон спроса law of diminishing return "закон убывающего плодородия" law of diminishing returns закон убывающей доходности law of enforceable rights закон о праве принудительного осуществления в судебном порядке law of enforceable rights закон об обеспечении правовой санкции law of evidence доказательственное право law of evidence система судебных доказательств law of large numbers закон больших чисел law of nations международное право law of obligation обязательственное право law of persons личное право law of probabilitys законы вероятности law of procedure процессуальное право law of property вещное право law of property право собственности law: law of succession наследственное право law of the sea морское право law of variable proportions закон переменных соотношений law of wages закон о фондах заработной платы law attr. законный; юридический; правовой; law school юридическая школа; юридический факультет school: law law юридическая школа law law юридический факультет университета law = lawk(s) lawk(s): lawk(s) int разг. неужто? laws: laws = lawk(s) law правило; the laws of tennis правила игры в теннис local government law закон местной власти loop-hole in law лазейка в законе mandatory law обязательный закон maritime law морское право martial law военное положение martial law военное право martial: martial военный; martial law военное положение mathematical frequency law вчт. математический закон распределения matrimonial property law закон о собственности супругов law закон; Mendeleyev's law периодическая система элементов Менделеева mercantile law торговое право, обычное торговое право mercantile law торговое право mercantile: law торговый; коммерческий; mercantile law торговое законодательство; mercantile marine торговый флот merchant shipping law закон о торговом судоходстве military law военное право moral law закон морали municipal law внутреннее право страны municipal law внутригосударственное право, внутреннее право страны municipal law внутригосударственное право natural law естественное право natural law естественное правосудие necessity (или need) knows no law посл. нужда не знает закона normal probability law нормальный закон распределения observe the law соблюдать закон outside the law вне закона patent law закон о патентах patent law патентное право, патентный закон patent law патентное право patent law патентный закон penal law уголовное право person in law субъект права positive law действующее право positive law позитивное право law профессия юриста; to follow the (или to go in for) law избрать профессию юриста; to practise law быть юристом private international law международное частное право law юр. право; юриспруденция; law merchant торговое право; private law гражданское право; to read law изучать право law: private law закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private law частное право private law частный закон; закон, действующий в отношении конкретных лиц private law частный закон procedural law процессуальное право procedural law процесуальное право protection of law защита закона public international law публичное международное право public law публичное право public law публичный закон (закон, касающийся всего населения) law юр. право; юриспруденция; law merchant торговое право; private law гражданское право; to read law изучать право real law правовые нормы, относящиеся к недвижимости responsibility under law ответственность в соответствии с законом revenue law закон о налогах Roman law римское право Roman: law римский; латинский; Roman alphabet латинский алфавит; Roman law юр. римское право sea law морское право statute law писаный закон (противоп. common law) statute law право, выраженное в законодательных актах statute law статутное право statutory law право, основанное на законодательных актах; статутное право statutory law право, основанное на законодательных актах statutory law статутное право substantive law материальное право to take the law into one's own hands расправиться без суда tax law налоговое право trade marks law закон о товарных знаках transitional law временное законодательство transitional law закон, действующий в переходном периоде unwritten law неписаное право, прецедентное право unwritten law неписаный закон unwritten law общее неписаное право unwritten law прецедентное право unwritten: law law неписаный закон law law юр. прецедентное право usury law закон против ростовщичества violate the law нарушать закон Wagner's law закон Вагнера (согласно которому доля государственных расходов в нацональном доходе возрастает по мере прогресса экономического развития) within the law в рамках закона -
16 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
17 regulation
n2) pl правила, инструкции; предписания; директивы; регламент3) постановление, распоряжение
- administrative regulations
- allocation regulations
- budget regulation
- cartel regulations
- compulsory regulation
- control regulations
- currency regulations
- currency exchange regulations
- customs regulations
- departmental regulations
- dispatch regulations
- duty regulations
- economic regulation
- environmental regulations
- exchange regulations
- exchange control regulations
- export regulations
- export control regulations
- factory regulations
- financial regulations
- fire safety regulations
- fiscal regulation
- food products regulations
- foreign exchange regulations
- foreign exchange control regulations
- foreign ownership regulation
- government regulation
- harbour regulations
- immigration regulations
- import regulations
- ineffectual regulation
- insurance regulations
- internal regulations
- lax regulation
- legal regulation
- licence regulations
- maintenance regulations
- market regulations
- marking regulations
- permit regulations
- plant regulation
- pollution control regulations
- port regulations
- port authority regulations
- price regulation
- price regulations
- prudential regulation
- public regulation
- quantitative regulation of imports
- quantitative regulation of trade turnover
- rate regulation
- safety regulations
- sanitary regulations
- securities regulations
- service regulations
- servicing regulations
- state regulation
- statutory regulations
- stock exchange regulations
- storage regulations
- stringent regulations
- tariff regulations
- taring regulations
- tax regulations
- technical regulations
- trade regulations
- traffic regulations
- wage regulation
- working regulations
- regulation of export
- regulation of import
- regulations of participation
- regulation of payments
- regulation of prices
- regulation of production
- regulations on the use
- according to regulations
- contrary to regulations
- develop regulations
- increase regulation
- infringe regulations
- observe regulations
- tighten regulations
- violate regulations
- work out regulationsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > regulation
-
18 system
система; комплекс• -
19 regulation
1) (a rule or instruction: There are certain regulations laid down as to how this job should be done, and these must be obeyed; (also adjective) Please use envelopes of the regulation size.) regla2) (the act of regulating: the regulation of a piece of machinery.) regulaciónregulation n normatr[regjʊ'leɪʃən]1 (control) regulación nombre femenino2 (rule) reglaregulation [.rɛgjə'leɪʃən] n1) regulating: regulación f2) rule: regla f, reglamento m, norma fsafety regulations: reglas de seguridadadj.• reglamentario, -a adj.n.• arreglo s.m.• norma (Jurisprudencia) s.f.• regla s.f.• reglamentación s.f.• reglamento s.m.• regulación s.f.• tasación s.f.'regjə'leɪʃən, ˌregjʊ'leɪʃən1) c ( rule) norma f, regla fit's against (the) regulations — va contra el reglamento; (before n) <dress, haircut> reglamentario
2) ua) (control, adjustment) regulación f[ˌreɡjʊ'leɪʃǝn]1. N1) (=rule) norma ffire regulations — normas fpl de seguridad contraincendios
safety regulations — normas fpl de seguridad
ruleit's against (the) regulations — va contra las normas or el reglamento
self-regulationa body responsible for the regulation of independent television — un organismo regulador responsable de las cadenas de televisión independientes
3) (Tech) [of machine, mechanism] regulación f, reglaje m2.CPD (=statutory) [dress, size, haircut] reglamentarioregulation time N — (Sport) (=normal time) tiempo m reglamentario
* * *['regjə'leɪʃən, ˌregjʊ'leɪʃən]1) c ( rule) norma f, regla fit's against (the) regulations — va contra el reglamento; (before n) <dress, haircut> reglamentario
2) ua) (control, adjustment) regulación f -
20 instrument
n1) инструмент; прибор2) орудие, средство3) юр. документ; акт
- alternative participation instruments
- assignable instrument
- authentic instrument
- bearer instrument
- capital market instruments
- commercial instrument
- control and measuring instruments
- credit instruments
- currency control instruments
- damage control instrument
- debt instrument
- derivative instrument
- electronic instrument
- equity-like instrument
- exchange instruments
- financial instruments
- fiscal instruments
- fixed interest rate instrument
- forged instrument
- government debt instruments
- inchoate instrument
- market control instruments
- measuring instrument
- monetary instruments
- money market instruments
- mortgage instrument
- near cash instruments
- negotiable instrument
- new money instruments
- nonnegotiable instrument
- precision instrument
- proprietary instrument
- rouble-denominated debt instruments
- special instrument
- statutory instrument
- testamentary instrument
- trust instrument
- instrument of acceptance
- instrument of accession
- instruments of borrowing
- instrument of credit
- instrument of credit policy
- instrument of debt
- instrument of indebtedness
- instrument of labour
- instrument of liquidity
- instrument of payment
- instruments of production
- instrument of title
- instrument of transferEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > instrument
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